Several clinical tools are available for identification of patients at risk of cardiac arrhythmias or its consequences that may benefit from interventions to reduce morbidity and risk of sudden death. These include noninvasive tests, such as a standard (more…)

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The same genetic and cell approaches used for treatment of bradyarrhythmia can potentially be modified for tachyarrhythmias treatment. Arrhythmogenesis typically results from increased automaticity, triggered activity, or reentry. Different genetic approaches can, therefore, be designed based on the individual mechanism. (more…)

There are intrinsic changes in the cardiac pacemaker cells and the cardiac conduction system associated with aging, which increase the propensity of the elderly population to develop chronotropic incompetence, conduction block, and bradycardia overall. Moreover, the already-at-risk elderly population is more likely to receive and is more sensitive to a variety of cardiovascular agents that may cause further bradycardia through suppression of the pacemaker activity or AV block. (more…)