Cancer occurrence rates in a period of time for a given population is expressed in various ways. The incidence rate is a direct measure of the probability of developing cancer and is usually expressed per year. Incidence rates may be crude (all ages) or age specific. Since cancer is very age dependent, age specific rates are usually more informative. Cancer in elderly is more prevalent compare to cancer in younger age. When comparing population groups with different age distributions (such as the United States vs. China), the incidence rate should be age adjusted by multiplying each age-specific rate by the percent of individuals in a population with the same ages and then summing these to produce a single value. For etiological studies, incidence rates tend to be more informative than mortality rates, as they identify all diagnosed cases. (more…)

Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality after heart disease and the leading cause of death among women ages 40 to 79 and men ages 60 to 79. Within the 65+ age group, the population 85 years and older is projected to double from 4.3 million in 2005 million by 2030. Life expectancy has increased. More people are treated successfully after a cancer diagnosis, resulting in a greater prevalence of the elderly living with or developing cancer. It is important for all professionals dealing with the elderly to understand what the disease is and how to deal with it. (more…)

As we grow older, our dietary habits seem to become more deeply entrenched. As a consequence, deficiencies in the diet are perpetuated and can eventually cause trouble. Most people get enough carbohydrate (sugars and starches) and fat in their meals but protein is often inadequate. Meat and fish are the most important sources of protein, but dairy products and vegetables such as beans are also good sources. (more…)

The largest single risk factor for developing cancer is age. The incidence of cancer increases exponentially with age, although death from cancer (cancer mortality) may decline at very old age. The inevitable age-dependent rise in cancer incidence is a feature of multicellular organisms that contain a substantial fraction of mitotic cells. Organisms such as flies and worms are composed primarily of post-mitotic cells, and hence do not develop cancer. (more…)

Lifestyle and behavioral factors are responsible for a multiple chronic aging diseases and associated to morbidity and mortality tendencies. In the U.S., nearly 50 million adults are smoking. Annually, smoking alone is responsibility for about 400,000 deaths.

As you probably know, anyone who ever try to give up smoking is facing some difficulties most of the time. (more…)

Potential benefits of T treatment in older men must be weighed against risks of adverse effects. In young hypogonadal men, physiological T replacement is low risk. In older men, risk–benefit ratios may be less advantageous. Minor adverse effects of T treatment include fluid retention, erythrocytosis, and sleep apnea, problems that may be more common in old men. Of greater concern are possible increases in atherosclerosis and greater risk of prostate cancer. (more…)

Alcohol abuse can be defined as individuals drink more than normal quantity but on regular basis. This habits causes poor health to that person and pose danger to himself or others. Alcohol abusers are usually manage to set limits and measure himself to control over drinking habits. Most of the time, these person listen to family and friends who express concern and give suggestion to stop this alcohol abuse habit. In the more progress scale, alcohol abuse (more…)